English Languange Narrative and Explanation Text

A.     Narrative text

1.      The definition of narrative text

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration. Its social function is to tell a story and entertain.  

2.      Generic Structure Narrative Text

ü  Orientation

In the Orientation section contains an introduction or the introduction of a character in the story and when and where it happened.

ü  Complication
In the overview section contains the emergence Complication crisis or problems experienced by the characters in the story that had to be solved.

ü  Resolution
In the Resolution section describes how the characters of the story to solve the existing problems in the Complication. Usually there is more than one Resolution for the Complication.

ü  Coda 
Coda is the last part of the Narrative Text structure that contains the changes in the figures and the lessons to be learned from the story.

3.      Communicative goals Narrative Text

As described above is to entertain listeners or readeon a story or stories relating to the past experience of the real, imaginary or complicated events leading to a crisis, which eventually came to a solution.

4.      Language features Narrative Text
On the Narrative Text, there are some characteristics are as follows:

-          Using the Action Verb in the Past Tense form. For example: climbed, Turned, Brought, etc

-          Using specific nouns as pronouns, certain animals and objects in the story. For example: the king, the queen, and so on.

-          Using Adjectives which form the noun phrase. For example: long black hair, two red apples, etc.

-          Using connectives and Conjunctions Time to sort events. For example: then, before, after, soon, etc

-          Using Adverbs and adverbial Phrase to indicate the location of the incident or event. For example: here, in the mountain, happily ever after, and so on.

Snow White

          Orientation                                                                                                                                             Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were dead.                                                                                                             

Complication

One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White with them.

Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she runaway into the wood.                                                                                                                                       

Resolution

In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep

Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her.

codaThen Snow white ad the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

B.      Explanation Text

1.      Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books. An Explanation text is usually derived from the corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon.

2.      Generic  Structure Explanation Text

There are three sections in the linguistic structure of Explanation Text, namely:

1.      A general statement

In a general statement contains a general description of the phenomenon to be discussed, the phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.

2.      A squenced of explanation

A squenced contains an explanation of the explanation why the phenomenon may occur or be created. A squenced of explanation in the form of answers to the question 'why' and 'how' the author when making an Explanation text. In squenced of explanation may consist of more than one paragraph.

3.      Closing

Actually closing it is not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text, but most people assume that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is closing, but it is part of squenced of explantaion which contains the final step described in section squenced of explanation.

3.      Communicative goals  Explanation Text

The purpose of the Explanation text linguistics is to explain the processes that occur in the formation or activity associated with natural phenomena, social, science, culture, and the other aimed at explaining.
Language Features Explanation Text :

- Using specific participant e.g.  sun, water, rain, etc

- Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

- Using Simple Present Tense

- Using action verbs

- Using passive voice

- Using noun phras

- Using adverbial phrase

- Using general and abstract noun

-  Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

General statemen                                                                                                         

Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Squence of explanation                                                                                                                                           

Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Closin                                                                                                                                            

Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.